Oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA stimulates autophagy flux, which enhances STX17-mediated autolysosome formation, leading to the degradation of autophagosomal contents. However, in response to ...

Unconventional protein secretion mechanisms represent a significant deviation from the classical endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi pathway. These alternative routes enable proteins—often lacking a ...

Bacterial interaction with plants and animals, symbiotic or pathogenic, involves the transfer to host cells and tissues of a range of bacterial proteins whose biochemical activities are key to ...

Cells have sophisticated methods of sensing stimuli and communicating with nearby cells in response to these stimuli. For example, macrophages can sense environmental stimuli—tissue damage, foreign ...

Intracellular protein trafficking and secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment are sequential and tightly regulated processes in eukaryotic cells. Conventionally, proteins that are ...

When cells utilize glucose as a carbon source, the HBP functions normally, maintaining intracellular O-GlcNAcylation at a high level. In this state, O-GlcNAc-modified SNAP25 stabilizes its interaction ...

A recent study published in the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology investigated the role of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 42E member 1 (SDR42E1) enzyme in regulating sterol metabolism and ...