Electromagnetic methods are central to probing the subsurface, offering researchers and industry practitioners a non-invasive means to characterise geological structures and resource potential. These ...

Geophysical techniques offer robust and non‐invasive approaches for imaging and evaluating the subsurface, playing a critical role in the detection and analysis of sinkhole phenomena. By utilising ...

This chapter addresses methods for the remote detection and characterization of fractures in the subsurface. These indirect detection methods are mainly geophysical in nature and rely on the physical ...