Integer programming, a cornerstone of combinatorial optimisation, focuses on the selection of discrete decision variables to solve complex real‐world problems such as scheduling, network design and ...

Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python's syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than ...

Probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) have emerged as a transformative tool for expressing complex statistical models and automating inference procedures. By integrating probability theory into ...

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that represents concepts as "objects" that have data fields (attributes that describe the object) and associated procedures known as methods ...